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April 2024
Text by Loïc Desplanques / @_beau.ideal_
Images by Harry Graf Kessler’s 1907 documentation and Gerardo Vizmanos
Gaston George Colin was a young cyclist and later a pilot, Harry Graf Kessler a rich German aristocrat attracted by his figure, and Aristide Maillol the French sculptor stuck between them.
The relationship between Harry Kessler and the Gaston Colin began in 1907, as documented in the Count’s diaries. During this time, Colin was serving as chauffeur and companion to Kessler, who traveled with the then 17-year-old boy between his family’s Norman Castle, Naples, Rome, and Denmark.
During a stay in Paris, Kessler commissioned the celebrated sculptor Aristide Maillol to sculpt a likeness of his young charge, meticulously controlling every aspect of its production. The resulting artwork, ‘Le Cycliste’, is a striking free-standing male nude.
The bodily dialogue between the desired young man and the besotted artist forms, one might argue, the pedestal upon which the first Ancient Greek sculpture stands. The decedents of these archaic Kouroi, and of the Hellenic cult of youth more generally, people the paintings of Michelangelo and Caravaggio, the poetry of Rimbaud and Verlaine. Their memory structures the sickly, pallid narrative of Thomas Mann's Death in Venice, and echoes forward still. In western art, the first gaze is one of desire - however complicatedly and, at times troublingly - from man to male youth.
Nothing could be further from the art of Maillol. The French sculptor's work hails from an entirely separate tradition in the history of art - exclusively, perhaps even obsessively, he created sculpture of women. As such, his works would, to the Greeks, be seen in a different sense entirely to the Kouros; women in stone, or bronze, were goddesses to be feared, and a towering statue of Athena was indistinguishable from the deity herself, with the same withering stare.
This is not to say that artworks depicting women were never produced, nor viewed, with an amorous sensibility. The Venus vulgaris in all her forms was an object of arousal, and yet those who pursued that lust were seen at best as faintly ridiculous, at worst dangerously sacrilegious - take, as an example, the man who attempted carnal relations with the Aphrodite of Knidos, only to throw himself off a cliff in shame once the pink mists of his desire receded.
So, what happens when this Frenchman, whom we might today (excusing anachronism) call "painfully straight", gets in the way of the adoring stare of a certain Anglo-German diplomat, the writer and general aesthete Harry Clemens Ulrich, Graf [Count] von Kessler?
This is not to say that artworks depicting women were never produced, nor viewed, with an amorous sensibility. The Venus vulgaris in all her forms was an object of arousal, and yet those who pursued that lust were seen at best as faintly ridiculous, at worst dangerously sacrilegious - take, as an example, the man who attempted carnal relations with the Aphrodite of Knidos, only to throw himself off a cliff in shame once the pink mists of his desire receded.
The result is, well, odd. Even with its heavy reference to the Apollo Sauroktonos, the Cycliste is almost entirely un-Greek. Individual body parts are certainly beautiful, the planes of muscles entrance the eye, the contropposto pose is technically competent. And yet, as contemporary viewers remarked, the proportions seem confused. The head and penis were commented upon in particular as being overly large, the sculptor perhaps focusing too much attention on what differentiated this work from his usual feminine fare. The muscles are firm, but imagined for the bicycle seat, not the divan.
Despite this, in the narratology of its creation, Maillol's Cycliste embodies a mode as old as homoeroticism itself. Sappho, the poet after whom all Lesbians are named, wrote:
That man seems to me to be equal to the gods
who is sitting opposite you and hears you nearby
speaking sweetly
and laughing delightfully, which indeed
makes my heart flutter in my breast;
for when I look at you even for a short time,
it is no longer possible for me to speak
but it is as if my tongue is broken
and immediately a subtle fire has run over my skin,
I cannot see anything with my eyes,
and my ears are buzzing
a cold sweat comes over me, trembling
seizes me all over, I am paler
than grass, and I seem nearly to have died.
In a fraught web of glances, the poetess watches the woman she desires speak to a man, and is impressed by his composure in her presence, seemingly immune to her charms. By contrast, Sappho herself is shattered by her love, collapsing into her failing senses, in extremis.
By commissioning a heterosexual sculptor to recreate the image of Colin in bronze, Kessler engineers the same matrix of looking and wanting. Interposing an unmoved third party between himself and male beauty, he complicates what is often too straightforward, and so soon finished.
The creative act becomes a deviation and prolongation of the amorous impulse, somewhere between voyeurism, cuckoldry, and the mediation of social anxiety. With the bulwark of Maillol's straightness placed between them, Kessler could peep through the cracks and watch Colin; protected by the barrier of a third person, he, like Sappho, is given the space to melt entirely in his desire.
Gerardo Vizmanos